Some informations on Internet

ABOUT INTERNET

If the Internet were a stock,it would be considered a market phenomenon with sustained doubling growth and no apparent end in sight to the upwards spiral.Recent net numbers are stunning between January 1993 and January 1994 alone,the number of nodes grew from 1.3,13.00 to 2217.00 an impressive 69% increase over countries have full internet connectively and about 150 have at least E-mail services.

No discussion of telecommunications would be complete without discussing the internet,referred to by its millions of users as the Net.The Net evolved from ARPANET, research network created and subsudized in the 1960s by the Defense Department and National Science Foundation (NSF) to link research institutions and government around the world to exchange information on a wide range of topics.Although original ARPANET no longer exists, its design and architecture laid the foundations internet.

The Net,one of the oldest long distance networks in the country is a network of networks.It links approximately 1.5 million computers,attached to more than 13000 networks in 100 or more countries.

Businesses use the Net for a number of tasks,such as sharing files,sending email,and selling goods and services.Fewer than 1% of major companies today are not attached to the Internet.In fact,the internet has become such an integral part of the rate landscape that it is generating a number of entrepreneurial opportunities and specialized jobs:there are internet explorers,security experts,technicians,librarians,trainers and other service providers.In fact,the internet is becoming so that many employers expect their new hires to have a working knowledge of it.

Think of the internet as a huge repository of information on almost every topic able.People all over the world can search the net for informations,add new informations,and exchange views on different topics.The internet is an electronic web connects people and businesses that have access to networks and allows them to send and receive e-mail and to participate in a number of other activities,around the clock.In fact,the internet is so huge with such a wide variety of features,that there are few if any experts in the world who know everything about it.

The primary workings of the internet are funded by the National Science Foundation(NSF) the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) a committee of scientists and experts,provides technical supervision,standars and guidelines for the Net.Any network (remember the internet is simply a network of networks) connected to the internet must abide by the standards established by the Internet Architecture Board (IAB).

links

• 
  
  
  

MULTIMEDIA

What is Multimedia?

The standard definition is any presentation that involves two or more media,such as text,graphics,or sound.Any TV show or movie is a multimedia experience.What makes multimedia exciting is another characteristic altogether interactively.In interactive multimedia,users can choose their own path through the presentation.The interactive dimension makes computer based multimedia a non couch potato technology,instead of sitting back and letting someone else determine the presentations flow,you are in control.

A computer system with the capabilities to capture,digitize,compress,store,decompress and present information is called a multimedia system.


ROLE OF MULTIMEDIA

Now a days Multimedia is used widely.It has changed the entire functions of working,learning,playing and organizing the business.Multimedia with computer has replaced slide projector,tape,decks and movie projector.Before multimedia with computer came into use,presentations were hard to put together and it was very difficult to run also.It required special skill to prepare presentations.The computer technology has changed it drastically.Now,it is very easy to prepare presentation on the computer and it does not need any special skills.Anybody,who is familiar with computer can prepare good presentations.


What are the tools of Multimedia?

Multimedia presentations range from simple slide shows to very sophisticated and professional programs.The use of tools will vary depending on the nature and complexity of the presentation.In this section,we shall see some of the tools and techniques used for creating multimedia presentation.

1) Text
2) Hypertext
3) Hypermedia
4) Graphics and Images
5) Simulation
6) Animation

7) Video

INTERNET TOOLS

Some of the important and popular tools on the Net are discussed
below.These include:

1) Information retrieval tools (ftp and Gopher)
2)Communications tools (E-mail,telnet,Usenet)
3)Multimedia Information tools (World Wide Web)
4)Information search tools (WAIS, Archie,Veronica)

Some of them are discussed below:

Information retrieval tool

ftp
File transfer protocol (ftp) which was one of the first tools on the Internet,allows users to move files,such as text,graphics,sound and so on,from one computer to another.It is a command that activates a type of client server relationship.FTP works as follows: The user first uses the software on his or her machine(or service provider), called the client,to gain access to the remote computer,to either upload,or send to the remote computer or download(receive) certain requested files from it.
Another popular way to retrieve files is by using what is called an anonymous ftp server.In this case,the user logs on to the server using the special user ID anonymous.If the server then asks for a password,the user types in his or her user ID.Freeware and shareware programs that are available at no cost on the Net can be obtained through anonymous ftp servers.Although it is easy to retrieve the information once the site is located,sometimes it is difficult to locate an ftp site or identify the files available on that site.

Gopher
The second type of information retrieval tool available on the Internet is Gopher, a menu based interface that provides easy access to information residing on special server, called Gopher sites.Although Gopher performs primarily the same tasks as the ftp command, its interface is much more user friendly and it provides additional functions,such as links to other Internet services.By selecting an item on the Gopher menu,users can move,retrieve,or display files from remote sites.The menu also allows users to move from one Gopher site to another,where each site provides different information.The entire Gopherspace (which refers to the interconnected Gopher servers) can be easily expanded by adding more servers.

Communication tools
Communication tools facilitate written communications and in this section
we have three types of communication tools.They are:
1)E-mail
2)Telnet

3)Usenet

Multimedia Information Tool

WHAT IS WWW ?

The world wide web (WWW) is one of the newest and most popular hyper-text based Internet tool.It allows users to access and display documents and graphics stored on any server on the Internet.In 1989,Tim Berners-Lee,a computer scientists at the CERN particle physics lab in Switzerland,designed WWW as a tool to help an international group of physicists exchange findings and information related to their research.It became popular only in late 1993, when WWW software was delivered for desktops that used popular operating systems such as a Windows,allowing users easy and friendly access to the Internet.Some WWW terms are shown as follows:

1) CGI -- Common Gateway Interface.A specification for a communication
interface between external systems and a Web server.

2) HTML-- Hyper-text Markup Language.A text formatting language used to
create Web pages.

3) HTTP-- Hyper-text Transport Protocol.The communication protocol
between a Web server and a client.

4) Image Map-- A text file that defines regions using graphics files (usually
GIF files) that users can click on to navigate.

5) MIME-- Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions.An internet standard for
sending and receiving multimedia E-mail.

6) Server-side-- A Web server feature that lets HTML pages be parsed "on
the fly" filling in the parts of the page with information from external files.

7) S-HTTP-- Secure Hyper-text Transport Protocol.An extension of HT-P
provides communication and transaction security for Web clients servers.

8) SSL-- Secure Socket Layer.A transport mechanism developed by
Communication for transmitting secure data over a network.

9) URL-- Uniform Resource Locator.An address that specifies the location of
Web page.

There are many interfaces to the WWW,such as Mosaic,a GUI-based hypertext browser, and Netscape,that allow users to easily navigate the Internet and access many services.

INFORMATIONS ABOUT OZONE LAYER

There are many informations and all of them are equally important
according to their uses.Some of the major ones are as follows:

1) Ozone layer protects the harmful rays of sun coming to the earth. Ozone is
solid oxygen whose chemical formula is O3.It is made up of three oxygen
molecules.
Ozone layer filters 99% of harmful sun rays coming to the earth. It is
situated roughly in between 30-50k.m. in the atmosphere.

2) Ozone layer is in the verge of rapid destruction by 1992, 5% of ozone layer
was diminished,according to a scientific study.

3) Chloro Floro Carbon (CFC) and Carbon monoxide (CO3) are the chief reason
for the destruction of ozone layer.CFC is the chief gas to deplete the layer.
CFC is produced from coolers, refrigerators etc.

4) World leaders and politicians are not able to come to a common agenda to
check the depletion of ozone layer.

5) By 2066, if nothing go wrong,the ozone layer that has depleted will recover

itself.